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You can find out what the current working directory is by importing os and using os.getcwd(), and you can change the current working directory using os.chdir(). Remember that example.xlsx needs to be in the current working directory in order for you to work with it. This Workbook object represents the Excel file, a bit like how a File object represents an opened text file. The openpyxl.load_workbook() function takes in the filename and returns a value of the workbook data type. > wb = openpyxl.load_workbook('example.xlsx') Enter the following into the interactive shell: Once you’ve imported the openpyxl module, you’ll be able to use the openpyxl.load_workbook() function. Now that we have our example spreadsheet, let’s see how we can manipulate it with the openpyxl module.

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(If you didn’t download example.xlsx from the website, you should enter this data into the sheet yourself.) Sheet 1 in the example file should look like Table 13-1.

(The number of default sheets created may vary between operating systems and spreadsheet programs.)įigure 13-1: The tabs for a workbook’s sheets are in the lower-left corner of Excel.

Figure 13-1 shows the tabs for the three default sheets named Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3 that Excel automatically provides for new workbooks. You can either create the spreadsheet yourself or download it from. The examples in this chapter will use a spreadsheet named example.xlsx stored in the root folder.

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You can find the full documentation for OpenPyXL at. Remember to import the openpyxl module before running the interactive shell examples in this chapter, or you’ll get a NameError: name 'openpyxl' is not defined error. If the module was correctly installed, this should produce no error messages. To test whether it is installed correctly, enter the following into the interactive shell:

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It’s important that you install this version by running pip install -user -U openpyxl=2.6.2 because newer versions of OpenPyXL are incompatible with the information in this book. This book uses version 2.6.2 of OpenPyXL. Follow the instructions for installing third-party modules in Appendix A the name of the module is openpyxl. Python does not come with OpenPyXL, so you’ll have to install it. The grid of cells with data makes up a sheet. Each cell can contain a number or text value. A box at a particular column and row is called a cell. The sheet the user is currently viewing (or last viewed before closing Excel) is called the active sheet.Įach sheet has columns (addressed by letters starting at A) and rows (addressed by numbers starting at 1). Each workbook can contain multiple sheets (also called worksheets). A single workbook is saved in a file with the. Excel Documentsįirst, let’s go over some basic definitions: an Excel spreadsheet document is called a workbook. The screenshots in this chapter, however, are all from Excel 2010 on Windows 10. Even if you already have Excel installed on your computer, you may find these programs easier to use.

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You can download the software from and, respectively. xlsx file format for spreadsheets, which means the openpyxl module can work on spreadsheets from these applications as well. Both LibreOffice Calc and OpenOffice Calc work with Excel’s.

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These are exactly the sort of boring, mindless spreadsheet tasks that Python can do for you.Īlthough Excel is proprietary software from Microsoft, there are free alternatives that run on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Or you might have to look through hundreds of spreadsheets of department budgets, searching for any that are in the red. Or you might have to go through thousands of rows and pick out just a handful of them to make small edits based on some criteria. For example, you might have the boring task of copying certain data from one spreadsheet and pasting it into another one. The openpyxl module allows your Python programs to read and modify Excel spreadsheet files. In the next two chapters, we’ll integrate Python into two popular spreadsheet applications: Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets.Įxcel is a popular and powerful spreadsheet application for Windows. Although we don’t often think of spreadsheets as programming tools, almost everyone uses them to organize information into two-dimensional data structures, perform calculations with formulas, and produce output as charts.